Participle Adjectives ED vs ING – English Grammar Lesson

Understanding the Difference

Participial adjectives, also known as participles, play a crucial role in English grammar. They are verb forms that function as adjectives and often end in -ed or -ing. Understanding the difference between these two forms can significantly impact your English language comprehension and fluency.

In this comprehensive English grammar lesson, NJCLT introduces you to the distinctions, usage, and nuances of participle adjectives formed with -ed and -ing.

Participle Adjectives Ending in -ed

Participial adjectives ending in -ed typically describe the feelings or emotions experienced by an individual. They indicate the cause or source of the feeling, providing insights into someone's state of mind or well-being.

For example:

• She was surprised by the sudden news of her promotion.
• The bored child couldn't sit still during the long lecture.
• He was excited to receive the prestigious award.

Participle Adjectives Ending in -ing

Participial adjectives ending in -ing primarily describe the characteristics, qualities, or features of a person, place, or thing. They highlight a particular attribute or state.

For example:

• Chris is a fascinating storyteller.
• The captivating landscapes left us in awe.
• The energizing music pumped up the crowd at the concert.

Usage and Placement

Knowing when to use participle adjectives is essential for effective communication. These adjectives can be placed before a noun to describe it or after a linking verb to modify the subject. However, there are certain guidelines to follow.

When placing the adjective before a noun, use -ed adjectives to relay emotions, while -ing adjectives convey characteristics.

Example:

• The surprised student eagerly raised his hand. (Describes the student's emotional state.)
• The fascinating documentary captured everyone's attention. (Describes the quality of the documentary.)

When using participle adjectives after a linking verb, such as "be" or "seem," -ed adjectives focus on the feelings or emotions of the subject, while -ing adjectives emphasize qualities or characteristics.

Example:

• She seemed disappointed by the outcome. (Describes her emotional state.)
• The animal looks threatening with its sharp teeth. (Describes the quality of the animal's appearance.)

Common Exceptions and Tips

While these guidelines generally hold true, you may encounter exceptions or confusing cases. Here are a few tips to help you navigate such instances:

• 1. Verb doubles as a noun: When the verb doubles as a noun, use the -ing form as an adjective. Example: The exciting game lasted for hours.
• 2. Passive construction: When using a passive construction, the -ed form is often used. Example: The confused child was comforted by his mother.
• 3. Two nouns: If you have two nouns, one experiencing the feeling and the other causing it, use the -ed form. Example: The frightened child clung to her mother.

Enrich Your Vocabulary

Expanding your knowledge of participle adjectives not only improves your grammar skills but also allows you to express yourself more precisely. By incorporating a wide range of participle adjectives into your writing and conversations, you can make your language more vibrant and engaging.

NJCLT offers various resources, lessons, and activities to help you enhance your English skills. Visit our website to access our free English lessons, vocabulary exercises, and grammar guides.

Conclusion

Understanding the distinction between participle adjectives ending in -ed and -ing is crucial in mastering English grammar. By utilizing the appropriate form, you can accurately convey emotions and describe various attributes. NJCLT is dedicated to supporting your language learning journey, providing you with valuable resources to improve your English proficiency.

Begin your exploration of participial adjectives with NJCLT today!